Representaion of Stereotypes

Representaion of Stereotypes

In all aspects of society Stereotypes play an incredibly important role in media which in turn effects society's view attitude to certain social groups of people. Gender, race, disability, socio- economic stats and sexuality. We grow up surrounded by certain cultural attitudes and stereotypes which then are in graved in our mind. (This post will mainly focus on Gender representation, particularly of women although others are also talked about but in slightly less depth)

(A side not to make- for all points that I make on this post I am not giving my own opinions or thoughts on how I see or think different social and racial groups are, these are merely an observation I have made about how they are portrayed, personal biased opinions will not be taken into consideration. No offence is intended)

Gender

Let's start with the biggest and possibly most controversial stereotypes, gender roles and how both genders are portrayed in the media.

Women

Unfortunately a trend that has been a recurring theme in our society, especially in the media, is the stereotype that women are always expected to be used in some form of sexually or seductive way. Whether it's a music video or low brow action movie (cough cough Michael Bay) women, especially young attractive women will usually wear tight, revealing and provocative cloths and in some scene dance or display themselves in a sexual way.

Even beyond the world of films little girls are given Barbie dolls to play with, highly sexualised and luxurious exteriorises. They grow up believing that that is the ideal form and what everyone should aspire to become. They don't choose those dolls, usually their parents do- and they pick them because society and media portray a thin body and large breasts as the desired form, and so the cycle continues.


Women are usually represented in several ways. Either it's as: the innocent virgin, promiscuous or sexual objects, caring mothers or some form of domesticated role, and regularly inferior to men.

A recent phenomenon in modern day film and TV is the attempt of male script writers to try and react to feminist and post feminist views so they undergo a counter type where they deliberately try to avoid any stereotypes. This, if done poorly can be just as poor of a representation as it becomes two dimensional only focused on trying desperately invert the sexist stereotypes.  

Another interesting area of this topic is about the bechdel test. Not that well known but it is a very fascinating theory and point made about representation of women in media. Even though in this day and age women are expected to have equal rights to men this arguably isn't translated to the screen. The bechdel test is a good way for you to analysis or critic any film or piece of media.

If a work of fiction features at least two women who talk to each other about something other than a man, the requirement the women are names or of significant importance to the plot is sometimes added. According to statistics only half of all films meet these requirements

Men

As expected men don't suffer from this heavily sexualised obsession in the media as only the male gaze, men enjoying the sight of attractive women in pleasing outfits, ect', weather it's as subtle as the recurring presence of an attractive female companion in Doctor Who or as extreme as erotic scenes on dramas such as Game of Thrones. Such voyeur intent isn't commonly desired in all aspects of male representation (although it is apart of it, which we will discus later). 

The typical stereotype of men in most media is for them to be rather aggressive, dominate, independent, unemotional and sometimes largely centered around a masculine job (as women are portrayed in feminine jobs)

Typically the stereotypes of characters for men are defines into six different groups.

The Joker,

The Jock,

The Silent Strong,

The Big Shot,

The Action Hero,

and The Buffoon.

The joker is obviously the 'funny guy' character who's main purpose is to provide comic relief often during times of great stress and tension in the story. He'll often be light heart-ed and like-able.

The jock is the crazed sports head. Often expected to be physically fit and attractive he is the guy who all the girls fancy and all the nerds want to be. His physical attraction and health is something for female audiences to enjoy and for male viewers to envy and aspire.

The silent strong is someone who may be just as attractive and fit as the jock but usually isn't as confident and not component. Because of his shyness he may be naive, inexperienced but just as capable as anyone when the time comes.

The big shot, we all know what this means, but in media terms this is someone who is or tries to be massively influential and maybe even save the day. Maybe out of there league or just facing challenges he shouldn't be able to over come the big shot is the person who is the 'big man on campus'.

The action hero although doesn't necessarily have to be that good looking he should be physically fit and get the job done. Bruce Willis is a good example of this. The action hero is the start of the show, the Neo of the matrix, the John Mcclane of Die Hard.

Finally we get to the buffoon. Probably one of the most frustrating stereotypes that isn't regularly seen as an issue but the lovable idiot is very dominant in modern media. He is probably the stereotype who's most likely allowed to be not intentionally desirable but lovable for his stupidity- looks aren't particually important for this role.  

Race

Race is probably besides gender roles the most controversial topic I might talk about before this is merely examining patterns spotted in media and is in no way opinionated. From subtle racial jokes to extreme and obvious racist stereotypes race is represented in an enormous range.

Starting with other nationalities, the media has a very blunt minded and idiotic way of representing different nationalities. If someone is from England then they must speak in a heavily influenced London accent, be rather old fashioned in their ways and in extreme stereotypes have bucked and uncleaned teeth with a high class pompous snobbery.

American's should be overweight, not overly intelligent and be ridiculously over patriotic and religious in all aspects of their life.
France is according to media's representation filled with black and white stripped topped, frog leg eating, wine drinking artists with an over obsession for art.
And particularly in low brow action movies filled with special effects and dumb action with little plot sophistication their will normally be some sort of Russian, German, Islamic or Korean evil supper villain aided by a Swedish scientist.

All of these stereotypes can be seen as extremely offensive and judgmental views on society and other nations patriotically in commies where the joke is at this stereotype.
Other such example of race archetypes are present as in media people of foreign decent who live in normal society even if they are a legal citizen and have been all their lives can sometimes be portrayed as heavily stylized in their foreign culture even to an extreme extent to which does't match reality.


Similar to the counter type/ attempted inverting of stereotypical female cliches their has been a recent and someone failed attempt to try and counter the issue of either stereotyping other races and nationalities or the complete absence of them entirely.

For example the very successful movie franchise of Harry Potter, although it is meant to be set in the wizarding world it is clearly stated that they are based in England but nearly all the main cast are white Caucasian. Bar the mad head super fans, if you as any ordinary movie goer to name a colored character in Harry Potter they would struggle to.



Another example the incredibly successful tv series Friends, the six main cast and nearly every significant character in all series bar one or two are all white besides the fact it's set in New York.

You should know that no offence or criticism is directed towards either of these, only observing patterns in societies media, which is only natural. If the writers are themselves white males then naturally they will be more familiar and comfortable writing males, the race most likely doesn't even cross their mind as to them it may subconsciously not be a super vital part of the plot to have people of different races and if they do then it would be an important part of their character.

Now that people begun seeing this pattern writers attempted to try and retrofit people of different races into the story and group of characters and in order to try and make up for the fact that there might only be one woman and one black man in an entire cast of white males they will try and make these two characters especially likable, awesome or memorable in someway but not allowing them to be the main character. Why can't Hermione Granger, the only main female character in Harry Potter be the main character? She's in every way superior to Harry (as mentioned before possibly to compensate for the lack of female roles?) but they only reason he's more important than her is because he's "the chosen one"


Star wars- Leah is basically the only women ever in the entire galaxy but to compensate for there being besides her no women at all she's really independent and strong. And Lando Callerisian is the only colored man in the original trilogy.

This may not be true in all cases but defiantly in a lot of cases this is what is happening. Yet another thing to keep an eye open to.

Disability

Another touchy topic that people should be careful when talking about. Disability mental or physical can be rather judgmental and archetypal. Quite simply put there are a few classes which disability is represented.

Insane mental patients, abnormal regular people with small mental conditions and physical disability.
A rather harsh stereotype is for the character with a mental or physical defect to be the villian of the story. From the Joker in Batman to Dr. Simon Barsinister from Underdog.

But another steriotype with in some ways puts them in a positive light which they are veiwed as a hero, battle against their defect and trying to live on in life despite of their disability. Quasimodo from the hunchback of Notre-Dame is a perfect example of an invertend character with a physical disibility but who has been made into the hero of his own story.

Movie Opening Scene Reviews

Indiana Jones, Raiders of the Lost Arc


This intro is an amazing, historic one. Not only in it's cinematic presence (opening the world to the realm of the awesome archaeologist), but also in the many way it forces the audience to root, admire and praise Indiana in a wonderful few minutes the entire mircocsisum of the film plays out.


To ensure it catches viewers attention an element of mystery is played with, who are these people? What are they doing? Indiana is them introduced stopping one of his mates betraying him In a way that makes audiences admire this mystery man.





For the rest of this short intro we view Indi being proactive rather than static (immediately encouraging the audience to like him more). We also see him act as a master of his situation being able to adapt and prevail through upping up the Indi wow factor! This again makes him as a character more attractive due to him being extremely capable rather than useless or untalented.


However, poor Indi can't catch a break and one bad thing after another keeps slamming into his face, but he always managed to adapt and come through. But alas- after being betrayed by his mates several times, unaccounted booby traps doing one over him and even more betrayal, it was to much for our protagonist. He loses the idol and has to run for his life barely escaping with it!

These amazing devices instantly make us love Indiana as he's proactive, well skilled and can adapt to all bad scenarios. Not only this a massive sense of sympathy is caused for him as nothing goes his way- this classic underdog syndrome makes him the centre of our thoughts and likes.

It does a great job setting tone, character and idea of plot arc. It's sets itself as a light hearted family action adventure film, and the rest of the movie doesn't disappoint.

Guardians of the Galaxy

Another great movie with yet again another successful and well devised intro. We just witnessed an extremely emotional scene where in Peter's mother had just tragically died of cancer and he out of a broken heart ran away and was abducted by aliens. The sheer shock of this extremely emotional and disturbing scene (especially in a 'light hearted family space marvel film') would be somewhat of a surprise; then the added mystery of aliens abducting him brings in the genre and suspense.

The time jump continues to prolong the suspense and as this mysterious astronaut figure traverses the abandoned planet our intrigue grows. As we as an audience are wowed by expensive CGI we are able to tell what's in store for us effects-wise for the rest of the movie, but as far as character and story our knowledge is still zero.

As the protagonist unmasks himself we should be intrigued by the appearance of an actor who's mainly known for comic roles and wonder why he's set in such a dark tone scene. But as he reaches for his Walkman he are informed that he is most likely the child who was abducted all grown up and as the music starts to play and he begins to dance to himself we realise that the genre is actually a light hearted sci-fi comedy. This drastic change of mood, layered on the fact a grown man is dancing in an abandoned ruin is funny; highlighting the rest of the film.


A clever trick to subtlety bring up the opening credits some what resembles old classic movies from the 70's/ 80's (the time Star Lord comes from), we have him dancing, sliding and flying around the place with credits appearing behind him.


Having him light-heartedly kick away the pesty aliens and then grab one as he pretends to sing into it like a microphones is another way to make us laugh. And again as scene in the Raiders of the Lost Arc, by making the protagonist proactive rather than reactive in the first few minutes we find him much more interesting and likable.



As an opening scene it does a great job in catching the audiences attention, intrigue and then makes them laugh and enjoy the rest of the great movie as the comical character they are encouraged to like straight from the word go does his stuff.








Dawn of the planets of the Apes


After the sceptical of the global simulation and being shown the virus spreading among the world, inedible causing the near extinction of the human race it then valiantly cuts to an extreme close up to Ceaser's face wearing war paint.


Tension, suspense and mystery builds as the camera slowly zooms out to reveal an entire horde of armed apes. Through subtitles we can identify Ceaser but an air of mystery still looms over what they are preparing to attack on. Audience's expectations are arguably lead to believe that they may be commencing in 'gorilla' warfare against the humans which for the viewers could be tearing them between their own race and the characters they've gotten to love over the past movie.


(Which before moving on is important to state- although its not vital for viewers to have watched the first movie in this Planet of the Apes as the first few minutes explains all you need to know, but for you to have the best understanding of who these intelligent apes and characters are the last movie is an excellent and thrilling teacher)

Continuing, the lack of sound and quick movement of the apes increases the existing tension. Then as Ceaser makes the signal the loud nose kicks in in a blast of action of momentum. The audience then realise that they are actually hunting for food not fighting humans, which realises tension which is immediately replaced as we watch the action scene take place.

Then the including of the wild bear attacking his son adds an extra level of danger to the scene as characters we should care for are in mortal danger. Ceaser's wow factor is also taken to new levels as we watch him in defence of his son take on a bear more than three times his size. This helps us admire and like him even more than we already should (especially if we've seen the first movie)

Ceaser in these first few minutes is very proactive, rather than sitting at home picking banana's we see him hunt for food and square up to a big-a#s bear in protection of his son. Immediately this will make us invested in him as a character and more interested in the movie.

Prelimery Task Planing

Shot Prompts

1- Static, long shot
2- Medium, shot by action
3- Extreme close up, shot by action
4- Static, long shot
5- Static, medium shot
6- Static, extreme close up (Blah!)

Shot Reverse Shot, Over Shoulder Shot and Match on Action Shots

Shot Reverse Shot- This is were a series of different camera angles and shots, usually two or three are edited together to give the allusion that it is one continuous flowing scene. Usually in action films during conversations there will be two or more different shots set up and throughout the conversation/ narrative to keep the scene alive and interesting.

Over Shoulder Shot- This is simply a shot that takes place behind a character's back and the audience are looking over their shoulder. This point of view shot helps us feel as if we are witnessing the events in conjunction with the characters.

Match on Action Shot- This is the simplest of these techniques, it is just one long/ or continuous shot that the camera follows, this naturally keeps a realistic, undisruptive flow to the scene. It keeps us in world and focused in the scene.

Camera Shots Leaflet

Camera Shots Leaflet

  Close and Extreme Close Up Shot

 

To the left is an extreme close up which shows mainly only the actor's face, largely the eyes are the focal point. The purpose of this type of shot may be used as an introductorily shot to introduce a character- in this case it is purposely limiting the audience's awareness of who or where it is set. But most commonly it is used to demonstrate emotional clearly and powerfully to the audience whilst tension is built. in the above picture the shot of Magneto (taken from X-Men Days of Future Past), is taken during an intense moment where a life or death situation is about to happen and using this extreme close up you can see all of Erik's anger and hatred building up in the tense moment.

 

 

Long/ Medium Shot

 

 

Here is an example of a long shot which helps show the scene of which is taking place as also demonstrating features such as character's size, body build and clothing. It fully reveals to the audience who the character is, where they are and how all these features interacts with each other. In the picture to the left (taken from the Hobbit, The Desolation of Smaug) we see a long shot of Bilbo standing on the mountain of gold inside Erebor only now crossing paths with Smaug the dragon. here we can fully see his small size, build and expression of fear as he stands amongst piles of gold. 

 

Over Shoulder Shot

 

Here is an example of an over shoulder shot, the purpose of this is to allow the audience to experience the conversation in the point of view of the character we are looking with over their shoulder. Unlike actual point of view shots where we see through their eyes this more natural angle might represent more of a realistic point of veiw of the audience. In this example (taken from The Walking Dead), we are able to see basically the same as the character can see. Full emotion can be read and interpreted just as  in real life without knowing what is behind the character's back.